![]() ![]() The lessons explain the quirks of how Arabic was written in the Manuscript Age, how books were made, read, how owners tried to protect them, and how some copies found their way into European libraries. The lessons cover papyrus fragments, Arabic literature, Coptic liturgy, pharmacological books, illustrated Persian epics, lavishly written books of prayer, and others. Our website constitutes the first ever free-access set of lessons about Middle Eastern manuscript culture based around important manuscripts of the Leiden collection, presented in a format that enables users from anywhere to effectively experience a first-hand reading of the books to the accompaniment of scholarly explanation. Yet we still need a pathway to learn about how to read these old books, and herein a new Leiden University initiative offers help: Mouse&Manuscript. But today, increasing numbers of manuscripts are available online, facilitating consultation without travel. Until recently, learning how to decrypt copyist codes was complicated since manuscripts are scattered in special collections around the world where access is not always straightforward. Few of these signs, notes, and marks survived into printed books: they have become a code that now needs deciphering. Perusing a manuscript, we will find unusual signs above and below words, intended to alert readers to matters of significance, and densely written notes sprawled across margins and titlepages convey other key indicators. Unlike printing presses, individual copyists had their own idiosyncrasies, and manuscripts also exhibit conventions now alien to modern readers. Marginal notes and marks explaining variations in a collection of the Prophet’s hadith (for more see Mouse&Manuscript Lessons 11-13)Įntering the books of the ‘Manuscript Age’ is a challenge, for we behold a very foreign space. Urban literacy rates were high, books were as cherished as they were widespread, and manuscripts are amongst the most important tangible cultural property which these peoples left for us to appreciate. Studying manuscripts also has the advantage of opening new windows into pre-modern Middle Eastern society and culture itself, since medieval Cairo, Baghdad, Samarkand, and elsewhere were worlds very much defined by their manuscripts. The future of studying Middle Eastern history leads through fresh enquiry into the sources, and teaching techniques to study the old books are required to guide students on their way. Some disparities between original manuscripts and modern printings will not be radical, and some modern editors were very careful to produce good editions, but researchers who rely on nuances of text to develop interpretations about the past will benefit from visiting the old manuscript depositories. When we quote authors from the past we are accordingly several steps removed from what they wrote, and our printed Arabic texts are thus prime examples of books which cannot be judged definitively by their contents. An edition of an Arabic classic today therefore may or may not reflect the text preserved in its manuscripts, and those manuscripts in turn may or may not accurately reflect the original author’s intentions, either. However, these modern editions were quite often produced without careful consultation of the full range of the source manuscripts. Today, manuscripts are seldom read: the old books have been reproduced in printed editions, many now digitised and readily Internet-searchable. One of the greatest challenges to aspiring Arabic knowledge-seekers is the potential disconnect between the old manuscripts and the resources we now use to study classical Arabic culture and Islam. Ibn Nubāta’s "Pasturing at the Wellsprings of Knowledge," replete with notes left by past generations of owners (for more, see Mouse&Manuscript Lesson 21) A reader needs to navigate the faults, some little and some big, to help interpret these books. These manuscripts contain the outpouring of knowledge for which Muslim societies are justifiably proud, but since all manuscripts were copied by hand, and since erring is one of humanity’s core traits, any given manuscript is necessarily some parts knowledge, and other parts error. Their legacy is millions of manuscripts now stored in libraries, museums, and family collections around the world. Before printing presses were established in the Middle East around the mid-nineteenth century, manuscript-makers had been copying books prodigiously since the early Middle Ages. ![]() Muslim societies from Timbuktu to Transoxiana were avowed bibliophiles, and writing books was a major and signature component of their cultural production. This wrinkle puts a particular challenge to those wishing to deepen their understanding of Muslim culture and history. But what they don’t tell us is that sometimes we cannot even judge a book by its contents. We have all heard the sound advice that we cannot judge a book by its cover. ![]()
0 Comments
![]() ![]() Additionally, if you want to ask a question, please do a quick good faith check before posting.ģ NSFW content must adhere to guidelines. This is mostly pertaining to FE news or other such breaking information. Submissions must be directly related to Fire Emblem. » SALUD HUMANA Y SERVICIOS SOCIALES #11 465350 - VENTA AL POR MAYOR DE MÁQUINAS, EQUIPOS E IMPLEMENTOS DE USO MÉDICO Y PARAMÉDICO (INCLUYE VENTA DE EQUIPOS DE DIAGNÓSTICO Y TRATAMIENTO, CAMILLAS, CAJAS DE CIRUGÍA, JERINGAS Y OTROS IMPLEMENTOS DE MATERIAL DESCARTABLE, ETC.Come discuss Fire Emblem, the fantasy tactical RPG franchise! Submit content (INCLUYE SERVICIOS DE PSICÓLOGOS, FONOAUDIÓLOGOS, SERVICIOS DE ENFERMERÍA, TERAPIA OCUPACIONAL, BANCOS DE SANGRE, DE SEMEN,ETC.) » SERVICIOS RELACIONADOS CON LA SALUD HUMANA N.C.P. ![]() (INCLUYE EL OTORGAMIENTO DE PRÉSTAMOS POR ENTIDADES QUE NO RECIBEN DEPÓSITOS Y QUE ESTÁN FUERA DEL SISTEMA BANCARIO Y CUYO DESTINO ES FINANCIAR EL CONSUMO, LA VIVIENDA U OTROS BIENES) » SERVICIOS FINANCIEROS EXCEPTO LOS DE LA BANCA CENTRAL Y LAS ENTIDADES FINANCIERAS » INTERMEDIACIÓN FINANCIERA Y SERVICIOS DE SEGUROS #10 869090 - SERVICIOS RELACIONADOS CON LA SALUD HUMANA N.C.P. (INCLUYE LAS ACTIVIDADES DE EMPRESAS EMPAQUETADORAS PARA COMERCIO EXTERIOR ALQUILER DE CONTENEDORES ETC.) » SERVICIOS DE GESTIÓN Y LOGÍSTICA PARA EL TRANSPORTE DE MERCADERÍAS » SERVICIO DE TRANSPORTE Y ALMACENAMIENTO #9 649290 - SERVICIOS DE CRÉDITO N.C.P. » SERVICIOS PROFESIONALES, CIENTÍFICOS Y TÉCNICOS #8 523090 - SERVICIOS DE GESTIÓN Y LOGÍSTICA PARA EL TRANSPORTE DE MERCADERÍAS N.C.P. » ACTIVIDADES PROFESIONALES, CIENTÍFICAS Y TÉCNICAS N.C.P. » VENTA AL POR MAYOR EN COMISIÓN O CONSIGNACIÓN » COMERCIO AL POR MAYOR Y AL POR MENOR REPARACIÓN DE VEHÍCULOS AUTOMOTORES Y MOTOCICLETAS #6 620100 - SERVICIOS DE CONSULTORES EN INFORMÁTICA Y SUMINISTROS DE PROGRAMAS DE INFORMÁTICA » SERVICIOS DE PROGRAMACIÓN Y CONSULTORÍA INFORMÁTICA Y ACTIVIDADES CONEXAS » INFORMACIÓN Y COMUNICACIONES #7 749009 - ACTIVIDADES PROFESIONALES, CIENTÍFICAS Y TÉCNICAS N.C.P. #1 464310 - VENTA AL POR MAYOR DE PRODUCTOS FARMACÉUTICOS (INCLUYE VENTA DE MEDICAMENTOS Y KITS DE DIAGNÓSTICO COMO TEST DE EMBARAZO, HEMOGLUCOTEST, VACUNAS, ETC.) » VENTA AL POR MAYOR DE ARTÍCULOS DE USO DOMÉSTICO Y/O PERSONAL » COMERCIO AL POR MAYOR Y AL POR MENOR REPARACIÓN DE VEHÍCULOS AUTOMOTORES Y MOTOCICLETAS #2 464320 - VENTA AL POR MAYOR DE PRODUCTOS COSMÉTICOS, DE TOCADOR Y DE PERFUMERÍA (INCLUYE VENTA DE ARTÍCULOS PARA PELUQUERÍA EXCEPTO EQUIPAMIENTO) » VENTA AL POR MAYOR DE ARTÍCULOS DE USO DOMÉSTICO Y/O PERSONAL » COMERCIO AL POR MAYOR Y AL POR MENOR REPARACIÓN DE VEHÍCULOS AUTOMOTORES Y MOTOCICLETAS #3 477310 - VENTA AL POR MENOR DE PRODUCTOS FARMACÉUTICOS Y DE HERBORISTERÍA » VENTA AL POR MENOR DE PRODUCTOS N.C.P., EN COMERCIOS ESPECIALIZADOS » COMERCIO AL POR MAYOR Y AL POR MENOR REPARACIÓN DE VEHÍCULOS AUTOMOTORES Y MOTOCICLETAS #4 477320 - VENTA AL POR MENOR DE PRODUCTOS COSMÉTICOS, DE TOCADOR Y DE PERFUMERÍA » VENTA AL POR MENOR DE PRODUCTOS N.C.P., EN COMERCIOS ESPECIALIZADOS » COMERCIO AL POR MAYOR Y AL POR MENOR REPARACIÓN DE VEHÍCULOS AUTOMOTORES Y MOTOCICLETAS #5 461099 - VENTA AL POR MAYOR EN COMISIÓN O CONSIGNACIÓN DE MERCADERÍAS N.C.P. : PRESENTACION DE ESTADOS CONTABLES EN FORMATO PDF ].Percepción: VALOR AGREGADO - EMPRESAS PROVEEDORAS.Retención: RETENCIÓN GENERAL DE CONTRIBUCIONES ].Retención: RETENCION CONTRIBUCIONES PATRONALES PRESTACION SERVICIOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y SEGURIDAD ].Retención: RETENCIÓN DE PRESTADORES DE SERVICIOS DE LIMPIEZA DE INMUEBLES ]. ![]() Retención: EMPRESAS DE SERVICIOS EVENTUALES ].Retención: CORREDORES, VIAJANTES, Y DESPACHANTES DE ADUANA ].PROFESIONALES LIBERALES, OFICIOS, ALBACEA, SINDICO, MANDATARIO, GESTOR DE NEGOCIO. Retención: HONORARIOS DE DIRECTOR DE S.A., FIDUCIARIO, INTEGRANTE DE CONSEJOS DE VIGILANCIA, Y SOCIOS ADMINISTRADORES DE S.R.L., EN COMANDITA SIMPLE Y POR ACCIONES. ![]() ![]() ![]() No wine-tasting here (after all, this is part of a hospital), but we are sure you’ll find something-something to bring back home in their wine shop. During clear days it is possible to see the Black Forest in Germany!Īnd why not finish this Alsace Wine Route with a last wine tour? Don’t miss the prestigious Cave des Hospices de Strasbourg, the historic cellar of the Strasbourg Hospital, 6 centuries old! Although there’s a free visit possible, we recommend the audio-guided tour, as this is a place full of history and magic. If the weather is good, climb up to the top of the tower to admire the city from above. The covered bridges and the barrage Vaubanĭon’t miss Notre Dame of Strasbourg, a jewel of Gothic architecture. ![]() The Petite-France, a picturesque district.The list of fun things to do and see in Strasbourg includes: If you are visiting Strasbourg for the first time, we recommend this Strasbourg itinerary for 2 days, which covers the main things to do in Strasbourg and our best tips. Developed on the River Ill banks, its city center is inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list. Strasbourg has an immense historical and architectural heritage, making it the wealthiest city in the region. Because of its history and central location, Strasbourg plays host to more than 20 European institutions. Raise a glass to the good folks at TDIWH this custom vector wine map of the Mosel region in Germany is the perfect way to show off your impeccable taste and bring an air of sophistication to any room. Strasbourg is the capital of Alsace and the Grand Est region. Day 5 of this Route du Vin Alsace explores Strasbourg, so you won’t need the car. ![]() |